![]() ![]() The formal charge of a neutral molecule must always be zero.Some standards must be kept in mind while determining the formal charge on atoms of molecules N = Non-bonding electrons on an atom in the moleculeī = Bonding electrons or shared electrons with other atoms in the molecule Calculating Formal Chargesįormal Charge = Valence electrons of a free atom – Non-bonding electrons (lone pairs) – ½(Bonding electrons) The formal charge can be calculated using a formula such as Comparison of Formal Charge and Oxidation state. ![]() Use of formal charges to predict molecular structures.Formal charge on Perchloric acid (HClO4).Formal charge on Iodine tetrachloride ( ICl41- ).It is the formal charge which makes a certain arrangement and configuration suitable for a molecule when more than one resonating structure is possible. It means that out of different possible configurations and arrangements of atoms on a molecule, the most stable structure will be the one with a formal charge of either zero or as near to zero as possible.Ī formal charge is a fake charge or to be more polite, it is a hypothetical charge because if it were real, the charge would have spread to the whole molecule instead of being contained at a single atom.Ī formal charge exists because of the deficiencies in the configurations of atoms leading to the formation of molecules. The best Lewis structure of a molecule is supposed to be the one with the least formal charge. Since the formal charge is a bygone concept relating to the Lewis structures. It is a representation of charge distribution in a molecule assuming that all electrons are equidistant from bonding atoms with no concept of electronegativity or polarity. The apparent charge assigned to an atom in a molecule is termed formal charge. ![]()
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