![]() ![]() Literary scholar Florence Hazrat said he "felt very annoyed" that people were reading script with a flat tone, even if it was written to elicit emotions. The modern use of the exclamation mark was supposedly first described in the 14th century by Italian scholar Alpoleio da Urbisaglia. These symbols included the punctus admirativus, a symbol that was similar in shape to the modern exclamation mark and was used to indicate admiration, surprise, or other strong emotions. Its evolution as a punctuation symbol after the Ancient Era can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when scribes would often add various marks and symbols to manuscripts to indicate changes in tone, pauses, or emphasis. Over time, the i moved above the o that o first became smaller, and (with time) a dot. One theory of its origin posits derivation from a Latin exclamation of joy, namely io, analogous to "hooray" copyists wrote the Latin word io at the end of a sentence, to indicate expression of joy. Graphically, the exclamation mark is represented by variations on the theme of a full stop point with a vertical line above. Some languages use ǃ, a symbol that looks like an exclamation mark, to denote a click consonant.This usage has spread to ordinary language (e.g., "!clue" means no-clue or clueless). ![]() For example, !A means "the logical negation of A", also called "not A". Several computer languages use ! at the beginning of an expression to denote logical negation.In mathematics, it denotes the factorial operation.The exclamation mark is often used in writing to make a character seem as though they are shouting and/or excited/surprised. Similarly, a bare exclamation mark (with nothing before or after) is often used in warning signs. The exclamation mark often marks the end of a sentence, for example: "Watch out!". The kind that only Jane Austen can write.The exclamation mark, ! or exclamation point ( American English), is a punctuation mark usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or to show emphasis. It brutally satirizes rich kids and their 'problems' and juxtaposes them with a classic, heart-felt love-story. In most films they are unintentionally there to create a subconscious effect, but in Clueless they are made fun of to a much higher degree - they are overblown and glorious. What elevates Clueless (1995) above generic high school comedy is its use of stereotypes. But no matter, because the 90s clichés like skateboarding, Marky Mark and the catch-phrase "As if" just make it so much more contemporary and fun to watch. Only just over 10 years old, it is still extremely dated today. From Cher's grumpy lawyer-father (an hilarious Dan Hedaya) and her nerdy step-brother (a likable Paul Rudd) to her eccentric group of friends at school, Clueless is a superb ride of teenage comedy camp. All the detours this mission entail are captured brilliantly in the film, taking the form of love-interests, parties, shopping and misunderstandings. Clueless thus sees Cher and her best friend Dionne (Stacey Dash) on a mission to do good. So big-hearted, in fact, that she takes on the lost goofy new girl in her school to find her love and popularity, knowing full-well that it could destroy her own reputation. Emma is no longer Emma she is Cher (Alicia Silverstone), a spoiled rich girl walking around in her Beverly Hills mansion in a bubble of stereotypes and teen-clichés - but with a great big heart. ![]() But what Clueless did was update the classic story by coating it with high school drama, teenage girls and shopping and sprinkle it with heavy doses of humour. 'Original' is perhaps a term wrongly applied since it is based on the queen of romance Jane Austen's Emma (1815). "Isn't my house classic? The columns date all the way back to 1972." When romantic high-school comedy Clueless (1995) was released, it was immediately vaulted into cult-status and firmly stapled as one of the most original teen-flicks of the 1990s. ![]()
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